Kiln



J. N. SILVA Feb. 15 1921.

KILN

4 {sheets-sheet 1 Filed Feb. 20, 1925 Feb. 15, '19275 J. N. SILVA KILN Filed Feb. 2o; 926

' 4 sheets-sheet s Fs. 15,4921. 1,617,550 J. N. slLvA Filed Feb. 20.1926 4 sheets-sheet 4.

' l. .4/5# 7 Tias. @1&1

JUAN N. SILVA, or TORONTO, oHIo.

ICE.. j

KILN.

Application led February 20, 1926. Serial No. 89,666.

The present invention'l relates to certain new and useful improvements in kilns of that general type which are employed for the burning-of brick, tile, pottery, and like products, and has for` its lobject to provide a battery of kilns which embodies novel features of construction, whereby the heat from a kiln which is being fired can be used for preheating other kilns instead of being permitted to go to waste.

A further object of the invention is to provide a battery of kilns in which great flexibility is possible in the matter of utilizing the heat from a kiln that is being fired for the preliminary heating or water smoking of other kilns and which, owing to the utilization of this heat which is usually permitted to goto waste, enables the ring of the kilns to be accomplished with a very considerable amount of economy in the amount of coal or fuel used.

The invention also contemplates the provision of a construction which enables a certain amount of control to be exercised over the temperature of the products of combustion which are caused to pass from a kiln which is being fired to another kiln-which is'being preheated. If the temperature in the preheating kiln lis found to be rising too 30 rapidly a certainamount of cold air can be mixed with the products of combustion from the kiln being red to chill'the same the required amount, while if it is found that the temperature of the preheating kiln might advantageously be increased Vwith ,greater rapidity, the temperature of the products of combustion from the kiln being fired can be boosted by the feeding of auxiliary fuel thereto before it leaves the preheating kiln. Furthery objects of the invention are to provide a battery of kilns which will operate with a minimum number of stacks and can be inexpensively constructed, which will uti lize the heat from the furnaces in the most effective manner and accomplish the burning with a minimum amount of fuel, and which4 will causeV the burning to be accomplished in an even manner and with a minimum percentage of'seconds and defective products.

Vhile certain specific forms and embodi- 4ments of the invention are shown on the accompanying drawings for illustrative purposes, it will beunderstood that many different arrangements of the Vkilns are possible 55 and that many modifications and lchanges can be made in the details of construction valves. Y l y Figure 8 1s a vertical sectional view through the furnace of a' kiln and the maniwithout departing from the'fspiritl the in- .i

vention.

For a full understanding of the invention reference `is to-be had to the followingdesoriptionv which,

and laccompanying drawings in Y Figure l is aV plan view of'a battery of,"

six kilns which are constructed and interconnected in accordance with the invention,

Ythe kilns themselves being shown in section to illustrate the interior construction thereof.

Figure 2 is a sectional view through a row of three kilns, taken substantially on the line 2,.-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken substan'-,

tially on the line 3 3 of Figure l.

F-'gure 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional l' view through lthe flue connection between a pair of adjacent kilns, Vshowing theUarrangement for conveying heat from the kiln on the right which is preheating to the kilnv on the left which is being water smoked.

plates j i Figure 5 is a planview of the cover for the connecting members. l

Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 6-46 of Figure L Figure 7 is a perspectiveview of thelim plement for'opening and closing the slide fold showing the conduitbetween the floor i,

of the furnace and the manifold.

Figure 9 is a sectional view showing one means for supplying liquid fuel, such as oil, to the heated products ,of combustion as they pass from one kiln to anotherY kiln, thereby boosting the temperature thereof.l 'Y Figure l0 is a similar view showing a possible means for feeding pulveriz-ed coalA or fuel to the heated products of combustion as tlny pass from one kiln to another kiln.

rresponding andy like parts are referred ,i

to in the following description and indi'- cated on all of the views of the `drawings by like reference characters. v

The invention is adapted to be used in con` j and that the arrangement of the kilns may` be varied. For convenience the six kilnsare designated by the'respectlve characters A, B, 1

C, D, E'gandF'.. 'The Astructureof each of the kilns comprises the yusual circular Wall 'por- Vtion 1 and arched dome 2. A series of .fur-

Vnaces V3 vis provided in the Wall I0f. each kiln. The furnaces may be of any suitable or ap- VVproved type and Y around the kiln.Y The interior of the kiln are arranged at intervals.

isjprovided VWithV a bag Wall4-for each ofthe'y furnaces so that the heated products of combustion -=from=the furnaces are-conducted upwardly lto the top of Vthe kiln by the 'loag Arranged fenderthey central l`pertion- `offthe oor ofeachkiln is ,a Vpitt andl-floorifluesg radiate from this pitunder the -floor of ithe kiln sa-idfflues communicating ivfith the kiln throu hthe openin-gsfin thefloor. The floor Y Y l'luesjv 1have anovel"formation,beingfornied with bottom Walls- Whicl-i incline A downwardlytovvardthe A it'nj; 1 This is advantageous in thaAidust an'c dirt which `would yotherwise accurnulate'in the fines andftend tocleg-the same Will he deflected in to the bottomA of the jfpit v5- from Whieh it can be readily f cleaned at properinterva'ls oftiine. Each of ithe kilns'-1isprovicled with asuitable door fV openingS, through-Which access can Ace had Vto Vthekiln-for conveying theartficles to he f burnedinto andoutthereof The doorlopen- 3o ings ASfmay be-brickedup orclosed in any .suitable inaniier-fduning Vthe Shu-rnin-g of the Y. killn". .llhefur-naceopeniiigs canbeclosed '-by' suitable plates lQappllied tothe exterior Y areconnectedhy the fines 10, as are also .theVV kiflnsfBg-G and I'Eof'llig. 1 ,v VThe central pits 5 of the kilns A, B and G' ofthe f kiln when the Y `furnaces are no .t in vuse andV it is desired -to fclose Athese openings. Thesefplates Q-are shoavnin cent1-'al pits of the kilns'D, E" F. A

i somewhaty similar-flue 11 connectsgthe central pits 5 ofthe kilns-A-andD= and 4these fines .i101 and- 11 provide for-thepassage ofithe n heated productsof 'conibustionffroinwone kilt-1 "ton-nether Y kiln. A manifold! l12' eX# i tendsY around eachofthe kilns rat the `hase thereof,V being f shown f'on the V dravv'ings as VALhaving' thefcrni of an undergifound tuni nel?i Branchconduits 13 extend inwardly and VAupvv;ardly 'from each ofthe-manifolds *Y 12 andterininateat thehottoni-ofthe Afur-V Y naces jijin-.vinanholes`vvhich :may `he Vclosed Vbythe manhole @ovens '14.1 These covers. 14

can xbelquick-ly Yplaced1in position or removed therefrom.v and are placedinfposiuion whenv it is-desired to out-oiflw'cominunication hekan.

tween themanifold and the interior ofthe- 'llhe-manli-foldsgglQ- need not be coinpletevcirclesandthe portion of Aeach manifo'ld between ther branch condulitsvlV on oppo-r site slides of one offthedoor 'openings 8 vof theliln-isfshownasomitted. y Y

AnexjhgnistV tunnel- 1:5 .extends between the tvvo Jrows-fof-kilns Landia` fan 16 is provided .for` -forcinglA the -productsw-of combustion position onf frQnr-theend vof *this exhaust tunnel into the sta-ck -17 A singlestack is-suificient for an .entire battery of kilns and the cost of erectholes 18 `Which are located infaspacedrelaticnto' companion .manholes v19 for the manifolds 12. rlhese manholes are zclosed by .suitable manhole covers when they I are not,

in use, although When it is ydesired to conf nect one of the manifolds ltothe .exhaust tunnel'the covers of the correspondingmanholes 18 and 19 are removed and ialgoose vneck-'50 .placed in position to.. connect the manholes, the tvvo arms .of the goose neckr being inserted 'in the manholes.` The suction.

rllhese branches terminate in man-. V

from the stack and exhaustifs-n 16 then acts through the goose neck 50 to-,exhaust the air and products Vof combustion `from the manifold and kiln.

Each of the kiln connecting flues cm-,v

niunicates at its Vmiddle portion With-a-Wellz 20 which extends upwardly tothe surface of the ground Where it is providediW-ithfa cover plate 21, said cover plate having an opening 22 therein which is normally closed by a removable cover. Opposite sides of the Well 20 are formed with'guide-Ways Within which the V`gate valves 23 .are slidahlyzmounted. These gate valves are. adapteddsoV he moved downwardly lto .close the endscfthe flues 10 and cut olf communication loetiveenk thexWell and the endsof ther flue.. The'gate.

valvescanloe operated in any suitable inanner and either are locked in Aangop-en orV closed position or .constructedlto :he held by.

friction in an Vadjusted position. As shownv on the drawings, .each ofthe gate valves is formed at the upperend thereof' Withan opening 24 which can. ne eng-aged,` by 'the hooked end yof aA suitahle-handtool 25 such as that illustrated by close the valves.

.Oireach side of the ivellQO farevinanholes;

26 `which extend upwardly from-the inanifolds V12 of the VVrespective kilns.` 'Cover .plates 27' are provided lfor ,the manholes 2.5,

said cover plates hav-ing openings.ltherein Which'are normally :closed by Vremovablecovers. VThe Well QOcan he connectedivith either ofthe manholes 26' hy :removing they covers fromjtheopenings inthe respectivecover Yplates and inserting theV arins of Va goose neck O'in the ,openin-gsfasshofivn FigureY 4. By ,this Vmeans ,theqhot air and productsrv of combustione-an he carried from the VinanifcldlZ of one kiln to thevyflue, l() of an adjacent kiln, or, vice versa;l

other -hand `When the; igate lvalves 23g .are both;

@n the Figure 7, :to :open orf' made thereof.

opened and the opening 24 at the top of the well closed, the hot air and products of combustion will pass directly from the Ypit 5 of one kiln through the fiues 10 to the pit 5 of*l well 29 toward the adjacentkiln, said gate valves beingsimilar to the gate' valves23r and being adapted to be operated in the same manner. The manifolds 12 of the kilns are provided with manholes 26' arranged ad'-l The manholes and jacent to the wells 29. wells are provided with cover plates having openings therein adapted toreceive a goose neck 50, ljustV as previously described in connection with the wells 2O and manholes 26. Vhen the valves 30 are both opened and the openings in the cover plate closed the flue v11 establishes a direct connectionfbetween the pits 5 of the kilns A and D. 0n the other hand, either of the gates can be closed and the corresponding goose neclr placed in position toestablish communication between the flue 11 andthe manifold 12 of either of the kilns A or D. v

Let it be assumed that the kiln A is being burned and that all of the furnaces 3 thereof are in operation, and that the kiln D has been filled and is ready for preheating. Ors

dinar-ily the heat and products of combustion from a kiln which is being fired are conveyed directly to a stack and permitted to pass up thestack without any use being However, with the present arrangement the gate valves 23 for the flues 10 between the furnaces A and B would be opened and the openings 28 and 24 closed. The furnace openings 3 of the kiln B would be closed by the plates 9', and the manifold l2 of the kiln B would be connected to the exhaust tunnel l5 by placing a goose neck in engagement with the manholes 18 and 19 of the said kiln. Vith this arrangement the products of combustion from the burning furnaces 3 of the kiln A would be carried to the top of the kiln by the bag walls d thereof and would then circulate down-4 wardly through the kiln to the'floor openings 7, passing through the floor openings into the iioor flues 6 which conveythem to the pit 5. From the pit 5 of the kiln A'the hot air and products of combustion pass directly to the pit 5 of the kiln B through the fines 10.v The hot air and products of combustion then circulate upwardly through the kiln B to the top thereof and thenceV downwardly throughY the bag walls of the kiln B to the bottom lof the furnaces?) of the Vsaid kiln, whence theypass through the branch conduits 13 to the manifold 12.'

The branch conduits 13 of the manifold smoked.

12 for the kiln VA would be closed by the manhole covers 14, while the said manhole covers 14 for the kiln B would all be removed. The manifold 12l of theV kiln B, as previously stated, is connected by the goose neck v50 to the corresponding branch 1.5iL of the main exhaust tunnel 15,

.obvious that if the kiln D were readyfor pre'heating instead of the kiln B, proper adjustment could be made for carrying the products of combustion from the kiln A through the kiln D before permitting them to .enter the main exhaust tunnel and be conveyed thereby to the stack.' Y

While burning the kiln A and preheating the kiln B it might happen thatthe kiln C had been filled and was ready to be water Under such conditions nov connection would be established between the manifold v12 of the kiln B and the mainl exhausttunnel, but the hot air and products of combustion from the said manifold 12 of the kiln B would 'be caused to pass through a vgoose neckV 50 into the well 20 between the kilns B and C. The gate valves l ott' communication between the said wellk and the flue 10 of the kiln B and establish communcation between the said wellfafndV the flue 10 of the kiln C. The warm air and products of combustion would thus circusV late upwardly through the kiln C just as they have previously done through the kiln l ou B, with the result that the contents of the Y ica It willbe notedthat in the kiln which i being fired the products Vof combustion` pass downwardly vthrotrgh the contentsr of the kiln so that the contents'are heated from the top downwardly, while in the kilns which are being preheated or water smokedtheV products of combustion circulate in a re verse direction, namely, from the bottom to the top of the kilns, so that during the preheating and water smoking processes the contents of the kilns are heated from the bottom upwardly. The contents of a kiln may thus be Vthoroughly preheatedV beforev i" Vfires are started Vin the furnaces 3 thereof and when the fires are started the bottomof the' kiln is already thoroughly heatedv so that the usual resistance to the'passage'of; the draft through a cold kiln is avoided, and i there Willlbe rless possibility of overburning Vtheiftop :portion ogflthe contents ott'hekiln in heating` up the bottomk of the kiln. Owing;

to the factthat the lcontents `oi the kiln .may

'be :thorouirhl -iur,cheatedibeiore vthe'-urnaces of the krngare started, the burning v,can be y' etfected -Wth a, very material saving in the f amount ot' fuel used.

Atjtimes iitfmay be possible that the tenin perature in vthe kiln -ivh'ich is beingpreheated j Willemse too rapidly and, ii' this ,isV found to' be Vthecase, .the cover for the openingA 2:2 at

the-top. ofthe Well 2O between the kiln which is .being burned andV the kiln Which` 'isf-being preheated can bepartially opened Ytofpermit the entrance ot a sufficient amount ofzcoldlairintothe W-ellvto lower the temp-erature ofthe fhot air and products ot' cornbustion .so thatqithe preheating will proceed atytheproper rate. On the other hand, there may be times' when it would be advan. tageous lto hasten the preheatingby a vmore rapid rise in temperature than that which is broughtabout by the hot air and products of combustion tromv the kiln. being` lined.

Under such Vcondltlonsthe present .invention contemplates a. means `'for boosting the ltein- 4. perature of the. air and gases as they pass Vfrom one kiln 'to0 another kiln, so that the f desired higher-.temperature can be produced in the .secondkiln lby theuse of a slight ad- Y ditional amount of i'uel.

Aliquid tuelsuch as oil may be used for this; ur-pose.y As show-n by Figure 2, an oil "psu-pp. y. `pipe 31, lextends along the Vrow of kilns andhasbranch pipes 32 Which extend through the tops oi' the kilns, and branch "pipes V33; which extend downwardly above thewells 2O. These branchpipes Yare providedWithvalvese.by means of which the y flowo liquid fuel can be controlled.

Y "llheffkilnsfinay eachbeprov-idedat the top f thereofl With the usual vent openingv into f which thelower ends of the branch pipes V32 extend,... When the kilnsV are in operation these; openings may be closedrby Vsectional blocks 60 which itvover theA same and arev jappliedto th-ebranch pipes 32 vfrom opposite u bustion at theftop. of the kiln.

sidesV thereof; 'being Correspondinglyr notched .byia removablefplug 'Vf hen this plug is removed "a detachable ieXtensionBG Ama 1 be 4 applied' to the end of the Ycori'esptmd' branch pi-pe and :tlie'lo-Wer end of the tensioncausedto projectA throughthe open#` ing in :themanhole covervv as, shown by: Figluref9.- .Thepoil or 'liquid uel may thus be permitted :to drop into the manholel where itviil 'be consiunedfandicause arise. in the temperature of the air and products ofy combustion asthey pass from oneY kiln-to the neXt kiln. Instead of liquid fuel -a vgaseous fuel mightnbe .supoliedto Ithe Wel-ls in thls samedummer.VV 'The 'oil or gas can also be ted to vthe top of fthe kilnsithrough lthe vbrancl-i i pipes 32 ,if 'such vs1-desired. p

In Figuren) a possible.arrangement Y-ttor supplying` pulverized coalA to the manhole is shown. A :hoppen 37l .which is 4supported uponr afsuitalble stand 38 has a discharge neck y39.*Which can he inserted through the opening inthe manhole cover asfillustrated.

A. suitable-valve can be provided ior controlling` the new. .of pulverized ycoal through Vthe discharge neck, and-the small quantity ot pulverized coal which is dropped into -the woll lwill be burned andl bring about an increase in' the temperature ofi the air and lroducts of combustion which are iassino' trom vrone kiln to another kiln. I By the use of a small amount of auxiliary fuel l.the preheatin-g process may be :expedited andthe contents. ort the second kiln` burned =to so -V greater extent before starting vthe furnaces-` in the second-kiln than `would otherwise be possible. y y j Should it happen 1@that von'eof the .next kilns isnot ready for preheatingwhen a centain.

riln is fired, .the valve 28.' controllingcommunication between 'the Well@ andthe flue l0 oit' the nent kiln 4isvelosed and agoose neck 50 placed in position'to carry the products oitv combustion from the. Well 2O to `the mani-v oldlQ of thenext kiln. This manifold l2 of .the nentr kiln is .connected through an-f Vother goose neck 50 with a branch ofthe.

main .eXh-austktunnel 15, so that the hot air and products of combustion pass through the manifoldjl of the next kiln rto thee);-

haust tun-nel Without passing,` Vthrough they interior ofthe next kilnwvhich, is not ready for. preheating.

` The constructionand .arrangement is suchI as to necessitate a'` minimum amount. of underground vtunnels and .mani:tolds, and at thesa-me time proyid-e reat'flexibility in the conii,ectionswvhicli= are Vpossilile Abetweenv lrovislon 'is made. i'or'` the various ykilns.

the continuous, ydirect or semi-continuous .Y

tiringfoithe kilns, and the utilization of the productsoit-.combustion from a. kiln which is:

bein-g fired -:to preneatand Water smoke other. kilns is conducive to economy in the use ci uel and .enables the kilns to he hurned with much less. fuel than would otherwise be re,-

Vquired were the lproducts of combustion car.-

ried Adirectly to the stack-:without Vbeing,` .util-`V ized for .the preheating ori other kilns., K IIafvinigthus .described my invention what I claim-vas new `.and desire to secure. byv Letters Patent l. The. combination With .a battery of' kilns, of means for circulating the products 'of combustion through the kilns, and means for modifying the temperature of the prod- Vucts of combustion as they are being circu- 4. The combination with a batte-ry of kilns, f

of means for conveying the heated products of combustion from one kiln to another kiln, and means for feeding auxiliary7 fuel to the products of combustion for increasing the temperature thereof as they pass from `kiln to kiln.

5. The combination with a battery 0f kilns, of means for conveying the heated products of combustion from one kiln to another kiln, and ymeans for feeding'regulatedquantities of auxiliary fuel to the products of ccmbustion to increase the temperature as they pass from kiln to kiln;

6. The combination with a battery of kilns each of which has a manifold and a floor pit, of flues connecting the floor pits of adjacent kilns, and means for placing said iues in communication with the manifolds.

7. The combination with a battery of kilns each of which has a manifold and floor pit, of flues connecting` the floor pits ofgadjacent kilns, valves for the flues, and means for placing said fines in communication with the manifolds.

8. The combination with a battery of kilns each lof which has a manifold and floor pit, flues connecting` the floor pits of adjacent kilns, valves for the flues, and detachable conduit members for selectively connecting the fines to the manifolds as desired.

9. The combination with a pair of kilns each of which hasa floor pit and manifold, of a well, kiln connecting` flues extending from the pits of the kilns to the Well, valves controlling communication between the iues and the well, and means for establishing` communication between the well and one of the manifolds.

10. The combination with a pair of kilns each of which has a manifold and a floor pit, of a well, kiln connecting llues extendii'ig from the floor pits to the well, valves controlling communication between the said lues and the well, and means for selectively establishing communication between the well land either of the manifolds.

11. The combination with a pair yof kilns each of which has a manifold and a Hoor pit, of a well, kiln connecting fines extending from the floor pits to the well, valves controlling` communication between the flues and the well, a removable closure for the well, and means for selectively establishing communication between the well and either of thc manifolds when the saidclosure isiremoved. V

12. The combination with a pair of kilns each of which `has a manifold and floor pit,

of a well, kiln connecting ilues extendingV from the floor pits to the well, valves controlling communication between the flues and the well, a removable closure for the well, manholes for the manifolds, and a goose neck member adapted to selectively connect the wellwith the manhole of either of the manifolds when the cover is removed.

13. The combinationwith a pair of kilns, a flue connecting thefkilns `for carrying the products of combustion from one kiln to another kiln, and means for boosting the temperature rof the products of combustion as they pass through thelue.

14. The combination with a pair of kilns, of a'flue connecting the kilns for carrying the products of combustion from onekiln to the vother kiln, and means fo-r feeding auxiliary fuel to the flue for boosting the temperature of the products of combustion as they pass through the flue.

15. The combination witha pair of kilns,

a well, kiln connecting iiues extending from the well to the respective kilns, a removable cover for the well, and means for supplying auxiliary fuel to the well for boosting the temperature 0f the products of combustion as they pass through the flues from-one kiln to the other kiln. I

16. The combination with a pair of kilns,

. a flue. connection between the kilns for carrying the products of combustion from one kiln to the other kiln, meansV for feeding auxiliary fuel to the products of combustion as they pass from one kiln to the other kiln, and means for feeding auxiliary fuel to the interior of the kilns.

17 A kiln provided in the side walls thereof with the'usual'furnaces, and means independent of the furnaces for feeding auxiliary fuel to the interior of the kiln.

18. The combination with` a battery of kilns, eachof which has a manifold and floor pit, 0f ues extending between floor pits 0f adjacent kilns, means for placing the said flues in communication with the mani- `'exhaust tnnneljhaving branches extending A lll) .fil

tow-ard the mani folds of the respective Vliilns, Y :uniformly spaced lmanholes for thel said 'branches and'm-anolds, av secondset oi' Vmanholes `for 1 the manifolds arranged ad; a-

cent the Wells,'1'emovalole covers Vi501" the Wells and manholes,- andfy interchangeable .goose `necks selectively vconnecting;` the Wells toi desiredfmanii'ol'ds and connecting;` one of themanifolds totar branch oli the main tunnel..

f2.1.' The V combination With a batteiyv of *kilns [each of WhichE has-*a .manifold and Hoon pit,V of Wells betweentlieklnsyliln connecting, flues extending* 'from vthe Wells to the lfloor pits of the kilns,l valves-'controlling leonnnunieation between the Wellsjand the lines a main tunnel'3 manholes arran'oed; ad- 9 l 7 b jacent the Various manifolds and incommunication with the main tunnel, manholes for the manifolds arranged adjacent tothe wells and manholes of the mamtunnel, iemovable covers for the Wells and manholes,

and detachable goose-neck elements adapted to connect a selected Well to a manifold Aand to connect a selectedmanifold to the main tunnel. I Y( l 2:2. The combination with a kiln, of fui*- naces for heating the kiln, and auxiliary Vmeans'V independent of the furnaces foiV boosting the tempeiatuie of thekiln.

23. The combination Witha'liln, of a iur-Y nace fromWhichftheproducts of combustion are caused to pass through the kiln,A and means independent ofthe furnaces for snpplying auxiliary fuel lto `the products of 'combustion tofboost the temperature thereon In testimony whereof I affix my SignatUe.

JUAN N.' SILVA. 

